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A Proxy (proxy server) is a server that
acts as mediator between the client (the computer of a user) and server (the computer
on the other ends of network connection on which the information requested by the
user appears - for example a web server site.)
When clients request data from an Internet resource, traffic goes from your web
browser / application first through the proxy before it reaches the requested sources
and back through the proxy. The proxy will transmit the data (information) to you.
Proxy servers may be used to bypass
restrictions and limitations that the owner of the internet resource has set for
users from specific country, region and users that fall into specific IP address
ranges. For example if the website owner (webmaster) for whatever reason blocks
access to the visitors from some countries the visitors from blocked country could
use an open free proxy server from another countries and override the restriction.
There are 3 types of HTTP proxies:
Fully anonymous (elite) proxies. Such proxies do not change request
fields and look like real browser. You real IP is also hidden of course. People
that administrating internet servers will think that you are not using any proxies.
Anonymous proxies also do not show your real IP but change the request fields, so it is very easy to detect that proxy while log analyzing. Nothing really matters, but some server administrators restrict the proxy requests.
Transparent proxies (not anonymous, simply HTTP) change the
request fields, also they transfer the real IP.
Such proxies are not applicable for security and privacy while surfing on
the web. You can use them only for network speed improvement.
You can use several proxy servers simultaneously. It is called "proxy
chaining". Use the following settings in your browser: http://proxyA:portA/http://proxyB:portB/.
Note: you may expect some speed loss in this way.
SOCKS is a protocol that relays TCP sessions at a firewall host to allow application users transparent access across the firewall. Because the protocol is independent of application protocols, it can be (and has been) used for many different services, such as telnet, ftp, finger, whois, gopher, WWW, etc. Access control can be applied at the beginning of each TCP session; thereafter the server simply relays the data between the client and the application server, incurring minimum processing overhead. Since SOCKS never has to know anything about the application protocol, it should also be easy for it to accommodate applications which use encryption to protect their traffic from nosey snoopers. No information about the client is sent to the server – thus there is no need to test the anonymity level of the SOCKS proxies.